How to check for early pregnancy symptoms? We explain common misconceptions and how they differ from premenstrual syndrome.





During this sensitive period of pregnancy, even slight changes in your physical condition can give you a sudden realization that you might be pregnant! While it may be too early to take a pregnancy test, for those who want to know immediately, we spoke with Dr. Osamu Akutagawa, director of Akutagawa Birth Clinic, about the characteristics that appear in early pregnancy. Let's remember these 17 signs so you don't miss the baby's way of saying, "I'm in Mommy's tummy!"


Table of contents
What are the early symptoms of pregnancy?
When do early pregnancy symptoms usually start?
Reasons why early pregnancy symptoms appear
17 Characteristics of Early Pregnancy Symptoms
Are there sometimes no symptoms in early pregnancy?
Common misconceptions about early pregnancy symptoms and differences from premenstrual syndrome
Is it okay to use a pregnancy test?
Things to be aware of when you notice early pregnancy symptoms
What were your early pregnancy symptoms like? (Collection of comments from experienced mothers)

What are the early symptoms of pregnancy?


Early pregnancy symptoms refer to the changes that occur in the body when a woman becomes pregnant. The pregnancy period is calculated starting from the first day of the last menstrual period before conception (0 weeks and 0 days), with the due date being 280 days later (40 weeks and 0 days). Of those 40 weeks, weeks 0-15 are called the first trimester, weeks 16-27 are the second trimester, and weeks 28-40 are the third trimester. Symptoms seen during the first trimester are called early pregnancy symptoms, and symptoms that appear especially within the first three weeks are sometimes called very early pregnancy symptoms.

The easiest way to tell is when your period doesn't come on the expected date. People with regular menstrual cycles often realize they might be pregnant when their period is late. However, periods can also be delayed due to reasons other than pregnancy, such as stress, an irregular lifestyle, hormonal imbalances, nutritional deficiencies due to dieting, or underlying illnesses of the uterus or ovaries.

When do early pregnancy symptoms usually start?


Let's look at the timeline of when early pregnancy symptoms appear, according to the weeks of pregnancy.

・Pregnancy week 0 days: The first day of the last menstrual period before pregnancy.

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• Around the second week of pregnancy: Ovulation occurs. *Fertilization occurs through sexual intercourse at this time.

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Around 3 weeks of pregnancy: Approximately 7 days after fertilization, the fertilized egg implants in the uterine lining, marking the establishment of pregnancy.

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Around 4 weeks of pregnancy: Physical changes begin to appear.

Early pregnancy symptoms typically begin around four weeks after the first day of the last menstrual period, or one to two weeks after sexual intercourse.



Reasons why early pregnancy symptoms appear



The large secretion of three hormones that play a major role in pregnancy disrupts the effects of each hormone and the hormonal balance, leading to a variety of early pregnancy symptoms.

Three hormones involved in pregnancy

hCG hormone (human chorionic gonadotropin)


This hormone is crucial for maintaining pregnancy and nurturing the baby. It is secreted only in pregnant women. A positive result on a pregnancy test indicates that a large amount of hCG hormone is being secreted, making it a key hormone for determining pregnancy.

Estrogen (follicle hormone)


It helps create a feminine physique, thickens the uterine lining in preparation for pregnancy, and makes it easier for sperm to pass through. It also helps develop the mammary glands in order to produce breast milk after childbirth.

Progesterone


It prepares the uterine lining to be soft and supple, making it easier for a fertilized egg to implant. Once the fertilized egg implants in the uterine lining, it helps maintain the thickness of the lining and supports the continuation of the pregnancy. It also has effects such as raising basal body temperature, increasing appetite, and promoting mammary gland development.

17 Characteristics of Early Pregnancy Symptoms


Here are 17 typical characteristics that appear in early pregnancy. If you're wondering, "Could I be pregnant?", check if any of these apply to you.

1. Implantation bleeding
2. Breast tenderness/pain
3. Abdominal bloating, abdominal pain, lower abdominal pain
4. Lower back pain
5. Headache
6. Skin problems
7. Changes in the sense of smell
8. Changes in saliva and nasal discharge
9. Frequent urination, constipation, diarrhea
10. Changes in vaginal discharge
11. Physical fatigue, drowsiness
12.Emotional instability
13. Stomach upset
14. Basal body temperature rises.
15. Changes in food
16. Shortness of breath
17. Delayed period


Let's learn about the physical changes in early pregnancy, categorized by 17 different characteristics.

1. Implantation bleeding


When a fertilized egg implants in the uterine lining, bleeding may occur for one to two days. This is called implantation bleeding, and it is believed to occur when the uterine wall is damaged as the fertilized egg attaches to the uterine lining.

There are no typical guidelines regarding the amount or color of implantation bleeding. It can range from "just like vaginal discharge" to "about the same amount as a normal period," and the color also varies from person to person, ranging from pink, brown, to bright red.

Since it often occurs around the time of your expected period, it can be difficult to distinguish from your period. If you think, "This is different from my usual period," it could be implantation bleeding.

Some women experience implantation bleeding, while others do not. This is a physiological phenomenon, so there is no need to worry in either case.

2. Breast tenderness/pain


When estrogen and progesterone levels increase, the mammary glands and ducts develop, causing breast tenderness and pain. These symptoms can be difficult to distinguish from those seen before menstruation, but if they persist for several days past your expected period start date, you may be pregnant. Preparations for breastfeeding begin in the early stages of pregnancy.

3. Abdominal bloating, abdominal pain, lower abdominal pain


This is caused by the action of the hCG hormone and a disruption in the hormonal balance, which weakens bowel movements. The symptoms vary, including a pulling sensation in the abdomen, a dull ache, and a restless, uncomfortable feeling. It is often felt in the lower abdomen.

The duration of pain varies from person to person; some experience it for only a day, while others experience it intermittently.

Because it can be similar to premenstrual cramps, it can be difficult to distinguish between the two based on pain symptoms alone. Be careful not to take painkillers or other medications without thinking, "It's just my usual period."

4. Lower back pain


During pregnancy, the joints and ligaments around the pelvis gradually loosen due to the action of progesterone and the female hormone relaxin, in order to allow the baby to be born smoothly during childbirth. As a result, the pelvis becomes unstable, the body's center of gravity shifts slightly, and this can cause lower back pain.

Furthermore, as the uterus grows, many women naturally shift their center of gravity backward, resulting in a posture where their lower back tends to arch, which also contributes to the strain on the lower back.

5. Headache


Migraines are commonly characterized by throbbing pain around the temples. The vasodilating effect of progesterone and hormonal imbalances are among the causes.

Instead of relying on headache medication, try lying down and resting on a sofa or bed. If the pain is severe, you can go to the hospital and get a prescription for medication that is safe to take during pregnancy.

6. Skin problems


It's not uncommon for people to experience skin problems due to hormonal imbalances. Acne, blemishes, dryness, and itchiness are common. Be sure to wash your face carefully and keep it clean. Since skin becomes more sensitive during pregnancy, if you feel that your usual cosmetics no longer suit you, it's recommended to switch to skincare products for sensitive skin or those with high moisturizing properties.

Additionally, hormonal changes can increase melanin production, making hyperpigmentation more likely and causing freckles and age spots to become more noticeable. When going outside, it's essential to apply sunscreen and take precautions against UV rays, such as wearing a hat.

7. Changes in the sense of smell


The hCG hormone can make you more sensitive to smells. Smells that you were previously fine with, such as fried foods and prepared meals from the supermarket, seafood, coffee, cigarettes, and perfume, may suddenly become aversions. Since morning sickness peaks between 8 and 11 weeks of pregnancy, this can be considered a precursor to morning sickness.

When you go out, wear a mask and bring some citrus or mint-flavored candies with you. If you feel unwell due to an unpleasant smell, putting one in your mouth can help calm you down.

8. Changes in saliva and nasal discharge


Hormonal imbalances can disrupt the autonomic nervous system, leading to increased saliva and nasal discharge. Carry tissues with you and wipe frequently. Covering your mouth and nose with a mask is also a smart way to conceal these symptoms.

Many people mistake a runny nose for a cold, and it's a symptom that can be difficult to distinguish. If there is no sore throat or high fever, pregnancy should be considered.

9. Frequent urination, constipation, diarrhea


Hormonal changes and the gradual enlargement of the uterus can cause frequent urination. The bladder is located in front of the uterus, and as the uterus grows, it compresses the bladder, causing you to feel the urge to urinate even when your bladder is not full.

Constipation and diarrhea are more likely to occur due to the effects of the hCG hormone and changes in hormone balance that disrupt the autonomic nervous system, slowing down bowel movements. The growing uterus also contributes to the pressure on the intestines.

Constipation is overwhelmingly more common than diarrhea. People who previously had regular bowel movements may become constipated, and those who were already constipated may experience a worsening of their condition. Take measures such as actively consuming foods high in dietary fiber.

10. Changes in vaginal discharge


This is a typical sign of pregnancy. Increased secretion of estrogen and progesterone causes changes in vaginal discharge. It is characterized by being milky white or light brown, increasing in volume, having a watery consistency, and having little to no odor.

When the flow is heavy, it's important to keep things clean by changing your underwear frequently and using panty liners.

11. Physical fatigue, drowsiness


The hCG hormone can cause fatigue and drowsiness. Symptoms like "feeling tired and having trouble getting up in the morning" or "feeling sleepy no matter how much I sleep" are common in early pregnancy, so try to rest as much as possible.

The symptoms are very similar to those of a common cold, but if you don't have a sore throat or high fever, it could be a symptom of early pregnancy.

12.Emotional instability


Hormonal imbalances and anxiety about pregnancy can make you more sensitive and difficult to control your emotions.
I get annoyed
Becoming easily angered
I feel sad for no reason.
cry
Become grumpy
I don't want to see anyone.
binge drinking


These are some of the things that can be observed. Among them, many people are seen crying.

Why not find your own way to relax and approach pregnancy with a more relaxed attitude? Going for a walk or shopping outside can be a great way to refresh your mind.

13. Stomach upset


Digestive problems are common in early pregnancy. In particular, the effects of hCG and progesterone can weaken the gastrointestinal tract, causing nausea. This can manifest as nausea or sharp pain, and in severe cases, it can make it difficult to eat. Symptoms and their severity vary from person to person.

14. Basal body temperature rises.


Normally, basal body temperature is low for about two weeks after the start of menstruation ("low-temperature phase"), and then for about two weeks around ovulation ("high-temperature phase"), with a clear distinction between low and high temperatures. When you become pregnant, the activity of progesterone, which raises basal body temperature, increases, and the high-temperature phase continues. If it continues for three weeks, there is a possibility of pregnancy.

15. Changes in food


Changes in hormone balance can disrupt the autonomic nervous system, which can alter your sense of taste.
I can no longer eat the foods I used to love.
I can now eat things I used to dislike.
Eating only certain foods


Things like this can happen.

Food has a significant impact on weight management. Try to eat at the same time every day and chew your food thoroughly. If you experience severe stomach upset or nausea, don't force yourself to eat; just eat what you can. At this time, it is recommended to take supplements, such as folic acid and other B vitamins.

The B vitamin group consists of eight types: vitamin B1, vitamin B2, niacin, pantothenic acid, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folic acid, and biotin. Among these, folic acid is a nutrient that should be actively consumed to support the growth of the fetus's brain, nerves, and body. The B vitamins have the characteristic of supporting each other's activities to maintain health, and they promote the metabolism of nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids, and help in the production of energy.

Once you start feeling a little better, try to make sure you eat meals that are as nutritionally balanced as possible.

16. Shortness of breath


As the uterus gradually grows, it compresses the lungs, causing shortness of breath.

Furthermore, pregnant women experience an increase in blood volume to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the baby in their womb. This increased blood volume puts a greater strain on the heart, making them more prone to palpitations and shortness of breath. A decrease in red blood cell count can also lead to iron deficiency anemia, causing shortness of breath. It's important to make an effort to move slowly and deliberately.

17. Delayed period


For women with regular periods, this is the most easily recognizable sign of pregnancy. If your period is a week late, you may be pregnant.

Menstruation is the process by which the uterine lining, which has thickened to receive a fertilized egg, sheds and is expelled. When pregnancy occurs, the fertilized egg implants in the uterine lining and develops, so the uterine lining does not get shed and fulfills its role. That is why menstruation stops.

People who experience a lot of stress, have irregular lifestyles, or are on excessive diets tend to have irregular menstrual cycles. Be careful, as it can be difficult to notice when your period is late.

Are there sometimes no symptoms in early pregnancy?


Of the early pregnancy symptoms mentioned so far, the one that almost everyone experiences is a rise in basal body temperature. Other early pregnancy symptoms vary from person to person, and some people experience none at all. Some people worry that their pregnancy might not be continuing, but there is no need to worry.

Common misconceptions about early pregnancy symptoms and differences from premenstrual syndrome


If you strongly desire to become pregnant, or conversely, if you have had sexual intercourse without wanting to become pregnant and are experiencing strong anxiety about pregnancy, you may experience physical changes that resemble early pregnancy symptoms even if you are not pregnant. For example, symptoms such as a delayed period, a small amount of blood mixed in with vaginal discharge similar to implantation bleeding, nausea, and a slightly elevated body temperature may occur, leading you to believe you are pregnant. This is generally called a false pregnancy, and it is a condition caused by a temporary change in hormone levels that mimics those of pregnancy.

Many people may have noticed that the characteristics of the early pregnancy symptoms described above are similar to the physical state before menstruation. In fact, early pregnancy symptoms and premenstrual symptoms are very similar. If you are not pregnant, your basal body temperature will drop after your expected period date, but if you are pregnant, your temperature will remain high even after your expected period date, which can be a way to distinguish between early pregnancy symptoms and premenstrual symptoms.

Is it okay to use a pregnancy test?


When you experience early pregnancy symptoms, you might want to check if you're pregnant. The easiest way is to use a pregnancy test. Pregnancy tests work by reacting to the hCG hormone, which is secreted when you are pregnant. A positive result will be given when the hCG hormone level in your urine is 50 IU/mL or higher. The best time to take a test is one week or more after your expected period start date.

On the other hand, there are "early pregnancy tests" that can be used from around three days before the expected start of menstruation, and they will show a positive result if the hCG hormone level is 25 IU/mL or higher. However, they cannot be expected to be as reliable as regular pregnancy tests.

Incidentally, taking a test before the recommended time is called "early testing." Since it can lead to inaccurate results and cause anxiety, it is recommended to wait until the time when standard pregnancy tests can be used.

Even if a pregnancy test shows a positive result, it could still be an ectopic pregnancy or other condition, so if you get a positive result, please see an obstetrician/gynecologist as soon as possible.



Things to be aware of when you notice early pregnancy symptoms


If you are trying to conceive, always consider the possibility that you might be pregnant and avoid taking medication unnecessarily. If you experience severe early pregnancy symptoms, it's important to see a doctor and discuss your concerns without hesitation. There are medications available for pregnant women that can be used for headaches, abdominal pain, stomach aches, and constipation.

Furthermore, drinking and smoking are lifestyle habits to be mindful of. Excessive alcohol consumption and smoking not only increase the risk of miscarriage but can also hinder the development of the baby in the womb. For the health of both mother and baby, it's best to quit drinking and smoking after giving birth, starting with pregnancy. Ideally, your partner should also quit smoking.